question: the output from the first example was formatted as following:  "{$_->[ 0 ]}{$_->[ 1 ]} => $hash{ $_->[ 0 ] }{ $_->[ 1 ] }"

the output from the new example prints the 'values' of the hash: substr( $_, 1+index( $_, '|' ) ).

i tried substituting "{$_->[ 0 ]}{$_->[ 1 ]} => $hash{ $_->[ 0 ] }{ $_->[ 1 ] }" from the first example into the second example where substr( $_, 1+index( $_, '|' ) ) was found, but i'm seeing an error: Can't use string ("") as an ARRAY ref while "strict refs" in use at ./test4.pl line 42

would anyone know how I would need to format this code ({$_->[ 0 ]}{$_->[ 1 ]} => $hash{ $_->[ 0 ] }{ $_->[ 1 ] }) to work in the second example and print information formatted similar to the first example? (i know enough perl to 'get myself in trouble')

again, many thanks for everyone's help