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@small = grep { $_->size < 100 } sort $query->all_records;
# vs.
@small = sort grep { $_->size < 100 } $query->all_records;

($short) = $desc =~ /^(.{0,100})/;
  # breaks on embedded newlines, and is better as
$short = substr($desc, 0, 100);

$name = substr($rec,  0, 20);
$age  = substr($rec, 20,  5);
$job  = substr($rec, 25, 25);
  # repeated calls to substr() better as unpack()
($name,$age,$job) = unpack 'A20 A5 A25', $rec;

if ($str =~ /jeff/) { ... }
  # why not
if (index($str,'jeff') > -1) { ... }
  # or if you know that if it's there, it's toward the end:
if (rindex($str,'jeff') > -1) { ... }

# (on average)
s/[abc]*//g;  # is FAR slower than
s/[abc]//g;   # is slower than
s/[abc]+//g;  # which is slower than
tr/abc//d;