where do you get the common command-line tools (ls, cp, mv, man, etc.)?

If you install msysgit, one of the options is to make its suite of tools available generally (i.e. to put them into your path). There is a broader set of apps common to *nix from GnuWin32 or UnxUtils.

But I use cmd.exe for a command prompt, when I'm not managing git. There are other shells around, but more systems to deal with than I have time or permission to customize.