#! /usr/bin/perl use warnings; use strict; use feature qw{ say }; use List::Util qw{ sum }; for my $A (2..20) { for my $n (1..10) { die "$A, $n\n" unless $A ** $n == 1 + ($A - 1) * sum(map $A ** $_, 0 .. $n - 1) } } #### \documentclass{article} \title{Summation Fulguration} \newtheorem{thm}{Theorem} \newtheorem{prf}{Proof}[thm] \begin{document} \begin{thm} $$a^n = 1 + (a - 1) \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} a^i$$ \end{thm} \begin{prf} $$1 + (a - 1) \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} a^i$$ $$= 1 + \sum_{i=0}^{n-1}(a-1)a^i$$ $$= 1 + \sum_{i=0}^{n-1} a^{i+1} - a^i$$ $$= 1 + \sum_{i=0}^{n-1}a^{i+1} - \sum_{i=0}^{n-1}a^i$$ $$= 1 + (\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}a^i) + a^n - (a^0 + \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}a^i)$$ $$= 1 + (\sum_{i=1}^{n-1}a^i) + a^n - a^0 - \sum_{i=1}^{n-1}a^i$$ $$= 1 + a^n - a^0$$ $$= 1 + a^n - 1$$ $$= a^n$$ Q.E.D. \end{prf} \end{document}