When you said:
an executable for windows without Perl available that got me onto Windows.
Get the basics working first. Then optimize when needed. As I mentioned, I don't think cross platform (Mac to Linux) is going to work. But I have no direct experience attempting that. Create a standalone executable on your Mac. Run that on your Mac. Get that working. Don't mess with -P until after you get the standalone version working (if ever).
I take it that you have your own installation of Perl that you are using instead of the system version. That's fine, but I'm not sure how you went about doing that (question (1) related). This may be contributing to issues related to making a "partial executable".