The integer formats s, S, i, I, l, L, j, and J ... For example, a 4-byte integer 0x12345678 (305419896 decimal) would be ordered natively (arranged in and handled by the CPU registers) into bytes as 0x12 0x34 0x56 0x78 # big-endian 0x78 0x56 0x34 0x12 # little-endian #### $ perl -V:byteorder byteorder='1234'; $ perl -e"print 0x12345678 " 305419896 $ perl -e"print unpack q{H*}, pack q{N*}, 0x12345678 " 12345678 $ perl -e"print unpack q{H*}, pack q{N*}, 305419896 " 12345678 $ perl -e"print sprintf q{%x}, 305419896 " 12345678