Or Instead of using my $i = 0;
Could use $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER $.
like so:

    while (...) {
        print $., ....
    }
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Need I mention, that to use the full name as $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER you have to use English; module.
like so:

use warnings;
use strict;
use autodie qw/open close/;
use English;

open my $fh, '<', $ARGV[0];
while ( my $line = <$fh> ) {
    print $INPUT_LINE_NUMBER, " ", $line;
}
close $fh;
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