Not really, you can set a variable's value with arbitrary code, so it's rather consistent of perl to never run it. For example if you had :

my $first = 1;
my @second = grep { ($_+1) % 2 } map { $_ ** 3 } 1..12;
my %third = some_function();
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Perl could easily apply the first assignment during compilation, you would kind of expect the second to be run at run time, and the third assignment might either fail or yield the wrong data depending on whether a definition and redefinition of some_function have been seen at that point.

But perl knowing about the structure of the code (eg. lexicals in a given scope) at compile time is kind of the point.