Since the numbers in the left hand column are unique and are the keys to your searches, you could load the data file into a hash instead of an array. Your answer then comes from a direct hash lookup rather than having to search.
#!/usr/bin/perl -w
use strict;
my %kids=map { split } <DATA>;
print "Father of $_ is $kids{$_}\n" for @ARGV;
__DATA__
1045316394 1045316144
1045316407 1045316394
1045316419 1045316407
1045316438 1045316419
1045316469 1045316394
1045316492 1045316407
1045316505 1045316492
Example usage:
$ perl fatherson.pl 1045316419 1045316492
Father of 1045316419 is 1045316407
Father of 1045316492 is 1045316407
Of course, you should add some code to do something sensible if the requested child is not found.
Update: You want the full lineage. You could do something like this.
sub print_lineage {
my ($x) = @_;
my @p;
while (exists $kids{$x}) {
$x = $kids{$x};
push @p,$x;
}
if (@p) {
local ($") = ", ";
print "Lineage of $_[0] is @p\n";
} else {
print "Lineage of $_[0] is unknown\n";
}
}
print_lineage $_ for @ARGV;
Which produces:
$ perl fatherson.pl 1045316419 1045316469
Lineage of 1045316419 is 1045316407, 1045316394, 1045316144
Lineage of 1045316469 is 1045316394, 1045316144
---
print map { my ($m)=1<<hex($_)&11?' ':'';
$m.=substr('AHJPacehklnorstu',hex($_),1) }
split //,'2fde0abe76c36c914586c';
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