From outside the box it looks like Perl is creating an intermediate list between the two maps and somewhere before 5e5 elements the system starts swapping. Before the swapping starts the page faults happen when more memory is needed to extend the lists giving about 3500 bytes per fault - close enough to a 4K page size perhaps. At some point the lists get too big to stay resident and the system starts swapping with the resultant increase in page faults (now against non-resident pages) and consequent increase in time (due to the page fetches from disk).
What seems very odd is that it is happening on a 64 bit system with (I presume) plenty of ram! However I get very similar results with a 32 bit Windows system and 5.10.1 btw.
True laziness is hard work
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