There are many possible formats. The three most prevalent are the 3 IEE-754 representations. 32-bit (Cfloats), 64-bit (C doubles) and 80-bit (some compilers C representation extended).
For the nitty-gritty detail of the binary representations see IEE_754 and IEE reals.
Perl uses either of the 32 or 64 bit representations internally. These correspond to the 'f' and 'd' pack formats respectively.
If you need more detail of the specific layout of the three parts of the binary representation, tell us what exactly you are trying to do?
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