A dispatch table

my %dispatch_table = (
    foo => \&foo,
    bar => sub { mumble; },
);
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A sub returning a sub generated on the fly, maybe a closure,

sub generate {
    my $foo = shift;
    sub { $foo };
}
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A variable routine to be called,

sub callit {
    my $sub = shift;
    $sub->(@_);
}
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Overriding a sub,

# in a scope . . .
    local *foo = generate 'bar';
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The list goes on . . .

One more use is to implement Callbacks.

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Here is a simple example of anonymous sub -

my @sorted = sort { $a <=> $b } @unsorted;
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In the above block we passed an anonymous sub to sort. It is just easy (convenient) to write numeric sort that way than to define a sub that returns  $a <=> $b

An example of sub ref is signal handling

$SIG{INT} = \&catch_int;
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-SK