I don't think this really has to do with die specifically. For example,

  perl -e 'undef %::; sub{}->()'
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crashes too. Lots of thing crash when you've totalled the defstash! But perhaps that just indicates a pervasive assumption, which really needs to be fixed in lots of different places.

See also bug 32401.

PS. Getting a bit more targeted:

perl -e 'delete $::{"@"}; warn'      ;# crashes
perl -e 'delete $::{"@"}; sub{}->()' ;# doesn't crash

perl -e 'delete $::{"_"}; warn'      ;# doesn't crash
perl -e 'delete $::{"_"}; sub{}->()' ;# crashes
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I suppose that wiping out important global variables oughtn't to be allowed, really.

PPS. Let's see what the p5p hive mind thinks.