You were very close to solving the problem. You just need to repeat the search multiple times, as perl will continue the search when the last one ended.
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
my $data;
# Modifying $/ in a limited context to avoid
# affecting other areas of the code.
{
local $/;
$data = <DATA>;
}
#
# Create the regular expression using qr{}x as it makes
# the pattern much easier to follow (and maintain)
#
my $pattern = qr{
(\d+-)
(\d+-)
(\d+)
(\s*/\s*)
(\d+)
(\s*/\s*)
(\d+)
}x;
my @list;
while ($data =~ /$pattern/g) {
push @list,[$1,$2,$3,$4,$5,$6,$7];
}
print Dumper \@list;
__DATA__
PART NAME QUANTITY SECTION/FIGURE/ITEM
Widget1 1 72-33-00/ 23/ 85
Widget1 1 75-20-00/ 11/ 10
Widget2 1 72-33-00/20/10
Widget2 1 72-33-00/20/70
Widget2 1 72-00-33/2/1
Widget2 1 72-00-33/2/20
Widget2 1 73-12-00/4/1
Widget2 1 73-12-00/4/220
Widget2 1 73-12-00/3/10
Widget2 2 79-20-00/9/1
Widget2 1 79-20-00/5/1
Note that I defined the regex before the loop. This makes the logic easier to follow, particularly when you use the 'x' modifier.