my $test = 1;
print "$test\n";
{
  my $test = 2;
  print "$test\n";
  test(3);
}
print "$test\n";

sub test {
  my($test) = @_; # parens make list assignment, otherwise you get the count of items in @_
  print "$test\n";
}

#prints...
1
2
3
1