Perl has two scoping mechanisms. Lexical scopes and packages. The key differences between the two are:
There is only one current package.
...
package Foo;
...
package Bar;
...
The program can be in multiple lexical scopes at a time, as long as they are nested.
{
my $foo;
{
my $bar;
...
}
...
}
The lexical state is cleared when the lexical scope is exited.
for (1..2) {
my $x; # New variable each time.
print($x);
}
The package state is persistent.
package Foo;
use Carp qw( carp );
carp('One');
package Bar;
...
package Foo;
carp('Two');
Since the lexical state ceases to exist when exited, it cannot be referenced from the outside.
The package state can be referenced from the outside
package Foo;
use Carp qw( carp );
carp('One');
package Bar;
Foo::carp('Two');
package Foo;
carp('Three');
The use directive itself doesn't know or care about scope. It's all about the code in the import function of the loaded .pm.
use pragma; changes bits in a lexically-scoped compiler variable.
use Module qw( function ); creates a function in the current package.