$ perl -e 'warn 0+(@x = split " ", "foo bar\n");'
2 at -e line 1.
$ perl -e 'warn 0+(($x, $y) = split " ", "foo bar\n");'
3 at -e line 1.
$
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You wouldn't have been surprised if you had chomped your line.

The other two magic might be confusing but they're not really necessary here. I can still write this and be surprised.

$ perl -we '$n = () = split ",", "one,two,three,four,five"; print "I f
+ound $n comma-separated words\n"'
I found 1 comma-separated words
$ perl -we '$n = ($x) = split ",", "one,two,three,four,five"; print "I
+ found $n comma-separated words, the first of which is $x\n"'
I found 2 comma-separated words, the first of which is one
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And even if I chomp the line, there could be trailing spaces or carriage returns in the line that I expect split " " to cut off.

Adding to the confusion?

$ perl -e 'warn 0+(($x, $y) = split/ /, "foo bar\n");'
2 at -e line 1.
$ perl -e 'warn 0+(($x, $y) = split$", "foo bar\n");'
2 at -e line 1.
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Update: Everything below is wrong, as ambrus mentions in the reply. (Note to self: Self, just because you get the correct result doesn't mean that you got the right answer!)

ambrus:

You forgot some parenthesis:

Example:

$ cat foo.pl
use strict;
use warnings;
my $x; my $y;
while (<DATA>) {
    chomp;
    (2==0+(($x, $y) = split /:/,$_)) or print "wrong number of fields\
+n";
    print "<$_>, <$x>, <$y>\n";
}
__DATA__
FOO:BAR:BAZ:PLOVE
FOO:BAR:BAZ
FOO:BAR
BAZ
$ perl foo.pl
wrong number of fields
<FOO:BAR:BAZ:PLOVE>, <FOO>, <BAR>
wrong number of fields
<FOO:BAR:BAZ>, <FOO>, <BAR>
<FOO:BAR>, <FOO>, <BAR>
wrong number of fields
Use of uninitialized value $y in concatenation (.) or string at foo.pl
+ line 7, <DATA> line 4.
<BAZ>, <BAZ>, <>
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...roboticus

When your only tool is a hammer, all problems look like your thumb.

It's not the parenthesis that helps there but

<Reveal this spoiler or all in this thread>

ambrus:

Ha, ha--color me surprised as well!

Corrected example:

$ cat foo.pl
use strict;
use warnings;
my $x; my $y;
while (<DATA>) {
    chomp;
    2==(($x, $y) = split " ") or print "wrong number of fields\n";
    print "<$_>, <$x>, <$y>\n";
}
__DATA__
FOO BAR BAZ PLOVE
FOO BAR BAZ
FOO BAR
BAZ
$ perl foo.pl
wrong number of fields
<FOO BAR BAZ PLOVE>, <FOO>, <BAR>
wrong number of fields
<FOO BAR BAZ>, <FOO>, <BAR>
<FOO BAR>, <FOO>, <BAR>
wrong number of fields
Use of uninitialized value $y in concatenation (.) or string at foo.pl
+ line 7, <DATA> line 4.
<BAZ>, <BAZ>, <>
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...roboticus

When your only tool is a hammer, all problems look like your thumb.

$ perl -wle '(my($x,$y) = @{[]} = split/ /,"foo bar") == 2 or die "boo
+";warn "[$x] [$y]"'
[foo] [bar] at -e line 1.

$ perl -wle '(my($x,$y) = @{[]} = split/ /,"foo bar baz") == 2 or die 
+"boo";warn "[$x] [$y]"'
boo at -e line 1.
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use strict;
use warnings;
{
    my( $x , $y ) ;
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) )                  ', scalar( ($x, $y ) )
+, "\n";
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = ()             ', scalar( ($x, $y ) =
+ () ), "\n";
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (undef)        ', scalar( ($x, $y ) =
+ (undef) ), "\n";
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (undef,undef)  ', scalar( ($x, $y ) =
+ (undef,undef) ), "\n";
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (0)            ', scalar( ($x, $y ) =
+ (0) ), "\n";
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (0,0)          ', scalar( ($x, $y ) =
+ (0,0) ), "\n";
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (1,0)          ', scalar( ($x, $y ) =
+ (1,0) ), "\n";
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (1,1)          ', scalar( ($x, $y ) =
+ (1,1) ), "\n";
    print 'scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (1,1,1)        ', scalar( ($x, $y ) =
+ (1,1,1) ), "\n";
    print "\n\n";
}
__END__
Useless use of private variable in void context at - line 5.
Use of uninitialized value $y in print at - line 5.
scalar( ($x, $y ) )                  
scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = ()             0
scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (undef)        1
scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (undef,undef)  2
scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (0)            1
scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (0,0)          2
scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (1,0)          2
scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (1,1)          2
scalar( ($x, $y ) ) = (1,1,1)        3
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