use strict;
use Benchmark 'cmpthese';
my $str = "   a b  c   d    ";

cmpthese(-5, {
 ALTERNATE=>\&alternate,
 LTSAVE=>\&lt_save,
 LTSEXEGER=>\&ltsexeger,
 WHILE_SUB=>\&while_sub,
 TRIMALL_V1=>\&trimall_v1,
 TRIMALL_V2=>\&trimall_v2,
});

# Using regex
sub trimall_v1 {
	local $_ = $str;
    s/^\s+//;
    s/\s+$//;
    s/\s+/ /g;
	$_;
}

# Using specialized split on ' ' and $_
sub trimall_v2 {
	local $_ = $str;
    $_= join ' ',split;
}

# Used runrig's benchmark example, but made ones below trim leading, trailing, and extra whitespace
sub alternate {
 local $_ = $str;
 s/^\s+|\s+$//g;
 s/\s+/ /g;
 $_;
}

sub lt_save {
 local $_ = $str;
 s/^\s*(.*?)\s*$/$1/;
 s/\s+/ /g;
 $_;
}

sub ltsexeger {
 local $_ = reverse $str;
 s/^\s+//;
 $_ = reverse $str;
 s/^\s+//;
 s/\s+/ /g;
}

sub while_sub {
 local $_ = $str;
 1 while s/^\s//;
 1 while s/\s$//;
 1 while s/\s\s/ /;
 $_;
} 

=Benchmarks
Benchmark: running ALTERNATE, LTSAVE, LTSEXEGER, TRIMALL_V1, TRIMALL_V2, WHILE_SUB,
           each for at least 5 CPU seconds...
 ALTERNATE:  5 wallclock secs ( 5.10 usr +  0.00 sys =  5.10 CPU) @  80293.53/s (n=409497)
    LTSAVE:  6 wallclock secs ( 5.27 usr +  0.00 sys =  5.27 CPU) @  48685.39/s (n=256572)
 LTSEXEGER:  5 wallclock secs ( 5.00 usr +  0.00 sys =  5.00 CPU) @ 124402.60/s (n=622013)
TRIMALL_V1:  5 wallclock secs ( 5.12 usr +  0.00 sys =  5.12 CPU) @ 121486.91/s (n=622013)
TRIMALL_V2:  5 wallclock secs ( 5.05 usr +  0.00 sys =  5.05 CPU) @ 154931.88/s (n=782406)
 WHILE_SUB:  6 wallclock secs ( 5.00 usr +  0.00 sys =  5.00 CPU) @  68421.40/s (n=342107)
               Rate   LTSAVE WHILE_SUB ALTERNATE TRIMALL_V1 LTSEXEGER TRIMALL_V2

LTSAVE      48685/s       --      -29%      -39%       -60%      -61%       -69%
WHILE_SUB   68421/s      41%        --      -15%       -44%      -45%       -56%
ALTERNATE   80294/s      65%       17%        --       -34%      -35%       -48%
TRIMALL_V1 121487/s     150%       78%       51%         --       -2%       -22%
LTSEXEGER  124403/s     156%       82%       55%         2%        --       -20%
TRIMALL_V2 154932/s     218%      126%       93%        28%       25%         --
=cut