my %all_my_hashes;

$all_my_hashes{$variable} = { valorC => "value03", valorD => "value04", };

print $all_my_hashes{$variable}, "\n";

# later you read ; records
while (<>) { # consider Text::CSV_XS with sep_char => ";"
    my @alelos = split ";" => $_, -1;

    while (@loci_codes) {
        $variable = shift @loci_codes;
        $all_my_hashes{$variable};
        my $allele1 = shift @alelos;
        my $allele2 = shift @alelos;
        $all_my_hashes{$variable}{$allele1) += 1;
        $all_my_hashes{$variable}{$allele2} += 1;
        }

$all_my_hashes{Bet01} = { 230 => 2, 238 => 5, 224 => 1, };
$all_my_hashes{Bet05} = { 101 => 2, 103 => 2,   0 => 4, };


##</code><code>##

%$foo = ( 1, 2, ... );

=>

my %all_my_hashes;
$all_my_hashes{$foo} = { 1 => 2, ... };

##</code><code>##

my $all_my_hashes;
$all_my_hashes->{$foo} = { 1 => 2, ... };