has 'name' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'Str', required => 1 ); has 'members' => ( is => 'rw', isa => 'HashRef', default => sub{ {} }, ); sub add_members { my ($self, @members) = @_; $self->members()->{$_}++ for (@members); # no duplicates in list } sub list_members { my $self = shift; return keys %{$self->members()}; }