my % phoneDirectory=(
    'Shirley'=> [ '555-0001', '555-0002' ],
    'Michael' => [ ‘555-MIKE' ],
    'Fred' => [ '555-FRED']
);


#access numbers for Shirley
say $_ for @{$hash{'Shirley'}};

##</code><code>##

my %names;

while (<>) {
   my ($first, $last) = split;
   if ($last) {
       # add last name to hash element
       push @{$names{$first}}, $last;
   } 
}


# print names
print @{$names{'John'}};