$ perl -Mstrict -Mwarnings -le '
    use Getopt::Long;
    sub sub1 {
        my ($name, $value) = @_;
        my $want = 3;
        my @got = split /\s+/ => $value;
        die "--$name requires $want values. Got: @got\n" unless @got == $want;
        print "$name $_" for @got;
    }
    GetOptions( "test=s" => \&sub1 );
' -- --test 'a b c'
test a
test b
test c