foo.h ------------------------------------------------------
class Foo {
  public:
    void bar();
};

##</code><code>##

foo.cpp ----------------------------------------------------
#include <stdexcept>
#include "foo.h"

void Foo::bar() {
  throw std::runtime_error("oh no!");
}

##</code><code>##

Foo.xs -----------------------------------------------------
void
Foo::bar()
  CODE:
    try {
      THIS->bar();
    }
    catch (const std::runtime_error &e) {
      croak("Foo::bar threw a runtime error!");
    }

##</code><code>##

30,969 bytes in 999 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 1,064 of 1,069
   at 0x4A0666E: operator new(unsigned long) (vg_replace_malloc.c:220)
   by 0x929F070: std::string::_Rep::_S_create(unsigned long, unsigned long, std::allocator<char> const&) (new_allocator.h:89)
   by 0x929FCA4: char* std::string::_S_construct<char const*>(char const*, char const*, std::allocator<char> const&, std::forward_iterator_tag) (basic_string.tcc:139)
   by 0x929FE41: std::basic_string<char, std::char_traits<char>, std::allocator<char> >::basic_string(char const*, std::allocator<char> const&) (basic_string.h:1546)
   by 0x8FFEABF: Foo::bar() (foo.cpp:6)
   by 0x8DFC856: XS_Foo_bar (in /home/slower/dev/xstest/src/blib/arch/auto/Foo/Foo.so)
   by 0x49291F: Perl_pp_entersub (in /usr/local/perl/5.12.2-gcc443-rhel5-64/bin/perl)
   by 0x490D35: Perl_runops_standard (in /usr/local/perl/5.12.2-gcc443-rhel5-64/bin/perl)
   by 0x43410B: perl_run (in /usr/local/perl/5.12.2-gcc443-rhel5-64/bin/perl)
   by 0x41E51B: main (in /usr/local/perl/5.12.2-gcc443-rhel5-64/bin/perl)

143,856 bytes in 999 blocks are possibly lost in loss record 1,068 of 1,069
   at 0x4A05E1C: malloc (vg_replace_malloc.c:195)
   by 0x92BF206: __cxa_allocate_exception (eh_alloc.cc:102)
   by 0x8FFEACD: Foo::bar() (foo.cpp:6)
   by 0x8DFC856: XS_Foo_bar (in /home/slower/dev/xstest/src/blib/arch/auto/Foo/Foo.so)
   by 0x49291F: Perl_pp_entersub (in /usr/local/perl/5.12.2-gcc443-rhel5-64/bin/perl)
   by 0x490D35: Perl_runops_standard (in /usr/local/perl/5.12.2-gcc443-rhel5-64/bin/perl)
   by 0x43410B: perl_run (in /usr/local/perl/5.12.2-gcc443-rhel5-64/bin/perl)
   by 0x41E51B: main (in /usr/local/perl/5.12.2-gcc443-rhel5-64/bin/perl)