#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;

use Data::Dump;

my @a = qw{a b c e 1 2 3 4 5 3 f};
my $x = 3;

dd [(map{@;==$x?do{$;=[@;];@;=($_);$;}:do{push(@;,$_);()}}@a),[@;]];

##</code><code>##

[["a", "b", "c"], ["e", 1, 2], [3, 4, 5], [3, "f"]]