#!/usr/bin/perl

use feature qw/say/;
use warnings;
use strict;

my @array = (
    {
        'Fred' => 'Flintstone',
        'Barney' => 'Rubble'
    }
);

say $array[0];
say %{ $array[0] };
say ${ $array[0] }{'Fred'};
say $array[0]->{'Fred'};

$array[0]->{'Betty'} = 'Rubble';

say $array[0]->{'Betty'};

##</code><code>##

$ perl test.pl
HASH(0x8002bc80)
BarneyRubbleFredFlintstone
Flintstone
Flintstone
Rubble
$