$sum = 0; $sum += $_ for (0)x128, (255)x128; print $sum, "\t", $mean = $sum / 256;; 32640 127.5 $SoS = 0; $SoS += sqrt( ( $_ - 127.5 )**2 ) for (0)x128, (255)x128; print $SoS, "\t", $stdDev = $SoS / 256;; 32640 127.5