$sum = 0; $sum += $_ for (0)x128, (255)x127, 254; print $sum, "\t", $mean = $sum / 256;; 32639 127.49609375 $SoS = 0; $SoS += sqrt( ( $_ - $mean )**2 ) for(0)x128, (255)x127, 254; print $SoS, "\t", $stdDev = $SoS / 256;; 32639 127.49609375