@tests = qw[ 10-K 10-KSB 10-K405 10-KSB405 10-Q  10-K/B 10-KSB/ABC 10-K405/A 10-KSB405/A 10-Q/A];;

printf "%s : %s\n", $_, $_ =~ m[10-[KQ][^/]*$] ? 'matches.' : 'does not match.' for @tests;;
10-K : matches.
10-KSB : matches.
10-K405 : matches.
10-KSB405 : matches.
10-Q : matches.
10-K/B : does not match.
10-KSB/ABC : does not match.
10-K405/A : does not match.
10-KSB405/A : does not match.
10-Q/A : does not match.