use strict;
use warnings;
#use Data::Dump qw/pp dd/;

# https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=11105802

#  data stolen from tybaldt
my %score_by_name =
    (
        Alec  => 14, Alice => 12, Bob   =>  8, Donny => 13,
        Jacob => 13, Mike  => 11, Sarah => 13, First => 17
    );


# invert %score_by_name to HoA
my %names_by_score;
while ( my ($name,$score) = each %score_by_name) {
    push @{$names_by_score{$score}}, $name;
}

#pp \%names_by_score;

my $rank=0;

for my $score ( sort {$b <=> $a} keys %names_by_score ) {
    my @names = @{$names_by_score{$score}};

    # calculate ranks
    my $rank_str = $rank+1;
    $rank += @names;
    $rank_str .= "-$rank" if @names >1; # span if necessary

    # output
    printf "%3s. %-20s - %2d\n",
        $rank_str, join (", ",@names), $score;

    # printf "%3s. (%2d) %s\n",
    #     $rank_str, $score, join (", ",@names); 
}