#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict; # https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=11113581
use warnings;

my $filename = 'file.fasta';
open my $handle, '<', $filename or die "$! opening $filename";
my @array = map s/>\z//r =~ s/^(?!>)/>/r, do { local $/ ="\n>"; <$handle> };
use Data::Dumper; print Dumper \@array;

##</code><code>##

#!/usr/bin/perl

use strict; # https://perlmonks.org/?node_id=11113581
use warnings;

my $filename = 'file.fasta';
open my $handle, '<', $filename or die "$! opening $filename";
my @array = split /(?=>)/, do { local $/; <$handle> };
use Data::Dumper; print Dumper \@array;