use POSIX qw(strftime); $string = 'hailed an über ‘cab’ on '; @t = (0, 0, 0, 23, 5, 2020, 4); print $string . strftime( '%d/%b', @t), "\n"; print $string . strftime( '%d %b', @t), "\n"; # UTF-8 nbsp print $string . strftime('‘%d %b’', @t), "\n"; # UTF-8 nbsp print $string . strftime('‘%d %b’', @t), "\n"; # ASCII space #### 1 hailed an über ‘cab’ on 23/Jun 2 hailed an über ‘cab’ on 23�Jun 3 hailed an über âcabâ on ‘23 Jun’ 4 hailed an über âcabâ on ‘23 Jun’