if( $index->{param_fmt} == 4 ){
            $index->{value} = decode('UTF-8', $raw ) ;##utf-8-special NOT nul
        } elsif( $index->{param_fmt} == 516 ){
            $index->{value} = decode('UTF-8', $raw ) ; ##utf-8-charstring-nul 
            chop $index->{value} ; ## chop the null
        } elsif( $index->{param_fmt} == 1028 ){
            $index->{value} = UInt32( $raw ) ;; ##uint32
        }