Use of uninitialized value in sprintf at 11130005.pl line 20. undef : >< coercing at 11130005.pl line 10. empty : >< abcd : >abcd< coercing at 11130005.pl line 10. Value "abcde" did not pass type constraint "Undef|__ANON__" (in $_[0]) at 11130005.pl line 18 "Undef|__ANON__" requires that the value pass "Undef" or "__ANON__" Value "abcde" did not pass type constraint "Undef" Value "abcde" did not pass type constraint "Undef" "Undef" is defined as: (!defined($_)) Value "abcde" did not pass type constraint "__ANON__" is a subtype of "SimpleStr&StrLength[1,4]" "SimpleStr&StrLength[1,4]" requires that the value pass "SimpleStr" and "StrLength[1,4]" Value "abcde" did not pass type constraint "StrLength[1,4]" "StrLength[1,4]" expects length($_) to be between 1 and 4 length($_) is 5