if ($line =~ /^\s*:([a-zA-Z]+)\s*$/) # new list of letters { $master_letter_list = lc $1; ## Force all letter lists to LOWER CASE only %master_letter_freq=(); ########### ADDED ########## for (split //,$master_letter_list) { $master_letter_freq{$_}++; } print "master_letter_freq:\n"; print Dumper \%master_letter_freq; ##################### }