$ perl -E ' my $str = "sssDDDsssDDDssUss"; my ($fore, $aft) = split /U/, $str, 2; $fore =~ s/s/i/g; $aft =~ s/s/o/g; say "$str\n", join "U", $fore, $aft; ' sssDDDsssDDDssUss iiiDDDiiiDDDiiUoo #### $ perl -E ' my $str = "sssDDDsssDDDssUss"; say $str; $str =~ y/DU/M/; say $str; ' sssDDDsssDDDssUss sssMMMsssMMMssMss