{
    my $vec; 
    vec( $vec, 0, 1 ) = 1; 
};;
Use of uninitialized value $vec in vec at (eval 9) line 1, <STDIN> line 1.
Use of uninitialized value $vec in scalar assignment at (eval 9) line 1, <STDIN> line 1.

{ 
    my $vec = ''; 
    vec( $vec, 0, 1 ) = 1; 
};;

##</code><code>##

{ 
    my $s; 
    substr( $s, 0, 1, 'fred' ); 
};;
Use of uninitialized value $s in substr at (eval 13) line 1, <STDIN> line 5.

{
    my $s = ''; 
    substr( $s, 0, 1, 'fred' ); 
};;

##</code><code>##

{ 
    my $s = ''; 
    substr( $s, 1, 1, 'fred' ); 
    print $s; 
};;
substr outside of string at (eval 16) line 1, <STDIN> line 8.

{ 
    my $s = '  '; 
    substr( $s, 1, 1, 'fred' ); 
    print $s; 
};;
 fred