#!/usr/bin/env perl

use strict;
use warnings;

my @matrix = (
    [qw{t1 t1 t2 t2 t1 t2}],
    [qw{a2 a1 a3 a2 a3 a1}],
    [qw{mis mis mis mis del del}],
);

print "Original\n";
print_matrix(\@matrix);

my @sorted_indices = sort {
    $matrix[0][$a] cmp $matrix[0][$b]
    ||
    $matrix[1][$a] cmp $matrix[1][$b]
} 0 .. $#{$matrix[0]};

print "Sorted indices\n";
print "@sorted_indices\n";

sub print_matrix {
    my ($matrix) = @_;

    for my $row (0 .. $#$matrix) {
        print join(' ', @{$matrix[$row]}), "\n";
    }
}

##</code><code>##

ken@titan ~/tmp
$ ./pm_11146491_sort_matrix.pl
Original
t1 t1 t2 t2 t1 t2
a1 a2 a1 a2 a3 a3
mis mis mis mis del del
Sorted indices
0 1 4 2 3 5

ken@titan ~/tmp
$ ./pm_11146491_sort_matrix.pl
Original
t1 t1 t2 t2 t1 t2
a1 a2 a3 a2 a3 a1
mis mis mis mis del del
Sorted indices
0 1 4 5 3 2

ken@titan ~/tmp
$ ./pm_11146491_sort_matrix.pl
Original
t1 t1 t2 t2 t1 t2
a2 a1 a3 a2 a3 a1
mis mis mis mis del del
Sorted indices
1 0 4 5 3 2