sub echo(Int $x) {
    say $x.^name; 
    say "echo() received $x";   
}

echo(3);

--output:--
Int
echo() received 3

##</code><code>##


sub echo(Int $x) {
    say $x.^name;
}

echo(Int);

--output:--
Int

##</code><code>##

sub echo(Int:D $x) {
    say $x.^name;
}

echo(Int);

--output:--
Parameter '$x' of routine 'echo' must be an object instance of type
'Int', not a type object of type 'Int'.  Did you forget a '.new'?
  in sub echo at b.raku line 14
  in block <unit> at b.raku line 18

##</code><code>##

sub echo(Int:U $x) {
    say $x.^name;
}

echo(3);

--output:--
Parameter '$x' of routine 'echo' must be a type object of type 'Int',
not an object instance of type 'Int'.  Did you forget a 'multi'?
  in sub echo at b.raku line 14
  in block <unit> at b.raku line 22

##</code><code>##

multi sub echo(Int:U $x) {
    say $x.^name;
}

multi sub echo(Int:D $x) {
    say $x.^name;
}

echo(3);

##</code><code>##

sub echo(Int:D: $x) {
    say $x.^name;
}

echo(3);

--output:--
===SORRY!=== Error while compiling /Users/7stud/raku_programs/b.raku
Can only use the : invocant marker in the signature for a method
at /Users/7stud/raku_programs/b.raku:14
------> sub echo(Int:D: $x&#9167;) {
    expecting any of:
        constraint

##</code><code>##

class Dog {
    has Str $.name;

    method bark(Int:D $x) {
        say self.^name;   # self is an implicit variable that refers to the invocant
        say "bark" for 1..$x;       
    }
}

my $d = Dog.new(name => "Rover");
$d.bark(3);

---output:--
Dog
bark
bark
bark

##</code><code>##

class Dog {
    has Str $.name;

    method bark($dog: Int:D $x) {
        say $dog.^name;   # $dog is an explicit variable that refers to the invocant
        say $dog.name;
        say "bark" for 1..$x;       
    }
}

my $d = Dog.new(name => "Rover");
$d.bark(3);

--output:--
Dog
Rover
bark
bark
bark

##</code><code>##

class Dog {
    has Str $.name;

    method bark(Dog:D:dog: Int $x) {
        say $dog.^name;
        say $dog.name;
        say "bark" for 1..$x;       
    }
}

##</code><code>##

class Dog {
    has Str $.name;

    method bark(Dog:D: Int:D $x) {
        say self.^name;
        say "bark" for 1..$x;       
    }
}

my $d = Dog.new(name => "Rover");
$d.bark(3);

##</code><code>##

class Dog {
    has Str $.name;

    method bark(Dog:D: Int:D $x) {
        say self.^name;
        say "bark" for 1..$x;       
    }
}

Dog.bark(3);

--output:--
Invocant of method 'bark' must be an object instance of type 'Dog', not
a type object of type 'Dog'.  Did you forget a '.new'?
  in method bark at b.raku line 30
  in block <unit> at b.raku line 36

##</code><code>##

class Dog {
    has Str $.name;

    method bark(Int:D $x) {
        say self.^name;
        say "bark" for 1..$x;       
    }
}

Dog.bark(3);

--output:--
Dog
bark
bark
bark

##</code><code>##

class Dog {
    has Str $.name;

    method bark(Dog:D $dog: Int:D $x) {
        say $dog.^name;
        say $dog.name;
        say "bark" for 1..$x;       
    }
}

my $d = Dog.new(name => 'Rover');
$d.bark(3);
Dog.bark(3);

--output:--
Dog
Rover
bark
bark
bark
Invocant of method 'bark' must be an object instance of type 'Dog', not
a type object of type 'Dog'.  Did you forget a '.new'?
  in method bark at b.raku line 30
  in block <unit> at b.raku line 39


##</code><code>##

routine chr

multi sub    chr(Int:D  --> Str:D)
multi method chr(Int:D: --> Str:D)

##</code><code>##

32] > chr(99);
c

##</code><code>##

[33] > 99.chr
c
 
##</code><code>##

my method m(Int:D: $b){
    say self.^name
}
my $i = 1;
$i.&m(<a>);
# OUTPUT: «Int»