s/\G(?|(\0{16})+(?{'*'})|(.{1,16})(?{...}))/$^R\n/sgr  What you used.
s/\G(\0{16})|\G.{1,16}/($1?"*":...)."\n"/segr          Could be used.
s/\G.{1,16}/($&eq"\0"x16?"*":...)."\n"/segr            What I used.

##</code><code>##

#!/usr/bin/perl

use v5.36;
use Path::Tiny qw( path );

sub hexdump( $data ) {
   $data =~ s/\G.{1,16}/ 
      ( $& eq "\0"x16
      ? "*"
      : sprintf "%08X  %-50s|%s|",
           $-[0],
           "@{[unpack q{(H2)8a0(H2)8}, $&]}",
            $& =~ y{ -~}{.}cr
      ) . "\n"
   /segr . sprintf "%08x\n", length $data
}

print hexdump( path( $0 )->slurp );