$ perl -wE' my $aref = [ { name => 'Fred' }, { name => 'Barney' }, { no_name => 'Wilma' } ]; say for map { $_->{name} } @{ $aref }; ' Fred Barney Use of uninitialized value $_ in say at -e line 3. #### $ perl -wE' my $aref = [ { name => 'Fred' }, { name => 'Barney' }, { no_name => 'Wilma' } ]; say for map { $_->{name} || 'No name' } @{ $aref }; ' Fred Barney No name