my $arr[] = [42,43,44]; # "typed" array ref

#--- effects
print $arr[0];          # => 42         (same as $arr->[0])
print $arr;             # => ARRAY(0x8f4c214)
print "@arr";           # => "42 43 44" (same as "@$arr")
print "@arr[0,2]";      # => "41 43"    (slice)


#--- caught Errors (compile time):
my @arr;                ## @arr masks earlier declaration in same scope
my $arr;                ## $arr masks earlier declaration in same scope
my $arr{}               ## $arr{} masks earlier declaration in same scope

##</code><code>##

my $a_ref = [1,2,3];    # old style
$a_ref->{x};            ## Not a HASH reference (run time)