my $modified = reduce{ my( $x1, $y1, $x2, $y2 ) = ( @{ @{ $a }[ -1 ] }, @$b ); $x2 < $x1 ? pop @{ $a } : push @{ $a }, $b; $a; } [ shift @points ], @points; #### my $i = 1; while ($i < @points) { if ($points[$i-1][0] > $points[$i][0]) { splice @points,$i-1,2; --$i or $i = 0; } else { $i++; } } #### my $modified = []; for my $point (@points) { if (@$modified and $modified->[-1][0] > $point->[0]) { pop @$modified; } else { push @$modified, $point; } } #### my @m; @m&&$m[-1][0]>$_->[0]?pop @m:push @m,$_ for @points;