#!/usr/bin/perl
use warnings;
use strict;
use feature qw{ say };
use Syntax::Construct qw{ /r };

my $template = join 'x',
    'A9',   # ssn
    'A5',   # employee number
    'Z*/A', # employee name
    'A8',   # hire date
    'Z*/A', # address
    'A2',   # state
    'Z*/A', # city
    'A5',   # zip
;

while (<>) {
    say join ',', map tr/\x0/ /r, unpack $template, tr/ /\x0/r;
}