sub trim($) { my $string = shift; $string =~ s/^\s+//; $string =~ s/\s+$//; return $string; } # Left trim function to remove leading whitespace sub ltrim($) { my $string = shift; $string =~ s/^\s+//; return $string; } # Right trim function to remove trailing whitespace sub rtrim($) { my $string = shift; $string =~ s/\s+$//; return $string; }