Rate recursive recursive2 eval iterative listutil recursive 1244/s -- -4% -68% -97% -100% recursive2 1297/s 4% -- -67% -97% -100% eval 3930/s 216% 203% -- -91% -99% iterative 42708/s 3332% 3192% 987% -- -85% listutil 281788/s 22544% 21622% 7071% 560% -- #### use warnings; use strict; use Benchmark qw/cmpthese/; use List::Util::XS; use List::Util qw/sum/; my @array = 1..1000; my $expect = sum(@array); { use feature 'current_sub'; no warnings 'recursion'; sub SumArryRcs { 1==@_?$_[0]:1>@_?die:shift(@_)+__SUB__->(@_) } sub SumArryRcs2 { @_ ? shift(@_) + __SUB__->(@_) : 0 } } cmpthese(-1, { iterative => sub { my $agg = 0; $agg += $_ for @array; $agg == $expect or die; }, recursive => sub { SumArryRcs(@array) == $expect or die }, recursive2 => sub { SumArryRcs2(@array) == $expect or die }, eval => sub { eval(join "+", @array) == $expect or die }, listutil => sub { sum(@array) == $expect or die }, });