use warnings;
use strict;
use Test::More;

my $regex = qr{
		\b INSERT \b
		(?:  # the next thing may not be one of these:
			(?! \b SELECT \b | \( | \; ) .
		)+   # match one or more times
		\b doc \b  # target string
	}imsx;

  like "INSERT doc (",          $regex;
  like "INSERT INTO doc bar (", $regex;
unlike "INSERT foo ( doc",      $regex;
unlike "INSERT foo SELECT doc", $regex;
unlike "INSERT foo ; doc",      $regex;

done_testing;