use strict; use warnings; use feature 'say';
use Data::Dumper; $Data::Dumper::Sortkeys = $Data::Dumper::Terse = 1;

my %data = (
    car        => 180,
    motorcycle => 150,
    skate      => 150,
    bird       => 120,
);

my @sorted = sort { $data{$b} <=> $data{$a} } keys %data;

my $rank;
my %result;

for ( 0 .. $#sorted ) {
    my $curr_key = $sorted[$_];
    my $prev_key = $_ ? $sorted[$_ - 1] : undef;

    if ( not $prev_key ) {
        $rank = 1;
    } elsif ( $data{$curr_key} != $data{$prev_key} ) {
        $rank++;
    } else {
        # values are the same, leave $rank unchanged
    }

    $result{$curr_key} = { val => $data{$curr_key}, rank => $rank };
}

say "$_: ", Dumper $result{$_} for @sorted;

__END__