#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;

my $count = 0;
my %hasHierarchy;

$hasHierarchy{$_} = $count++ foreach @ARGV;

while( my( $key, $value ) = each %hasHierarchy ){
    print "$key: $value\n";
}

# print Dumper \%hasHierarchy;

__END__

$ perl test.pl POPE PATRIARCH ARCHBISHOP CARDINAL
POPE: 0
CARDINAL: 3
ARCHBISHOP: 2
PATRIARCH: 1

##</code><code>##

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
# use Benchmark qw(:all) ; # WindowsOS
use Benchmark::Forking qw( timethese cmpthese ); # UnixOS

sub whileLoop {
    my $localCount = 0;
    my %localHasHierarchy;
    while (defined(my $input = shift (@_))) {
	$localHasHierarchy{$input} = $localCount++;
    }
    return \%localHasHierarchy;
}

sub foreachLoop {
    my $localCount = 0;
    my %localHasHierarchy;
    $localHasHierarchy{$_} = $localCount++ foreach (@_);
    return \%localHasHierarchy;
}

# print Dumper whileLoop(@ARGV);
# print Dumper foreachLoop(@ARGV);

my $results = timethese(-10,
			{ 'While' => sub { whileLoop(@ARGV) },
			  'Foreach' => sub { foreachLoop(@ARGV) } },
			'none');
cmpthese( $results );

__END__

$ perl test.pl POPE PATRIARCH ARCHBISHOP CARDINAL
            Rate   While Foreach
While   719936/s      --    -19%
Foreach 889776/s     24%      --

##</code><code>##

#!/usr/bin/perl
use strict;
use warnings;
use Data::Dumper;
# use Benchmark qw(:all) ; # WindowsOS
use Benchmark::Forking qw( timethese cmpthese ); # UnixOS

sub whileLoop {
    my $localCount = 0;
    my %localHasHierarchy;
    while (defined($_ = shift (@_))) {
	$localHasHierarchy{$_} = $localCount++;
    }
    return \%localHasHierarchy;
}

sub foreachLoop {
    my $localCount = 0;
    my %localHasHierarchy;
    $localHasHierarchy{$_} = $localCount++ for (@_);
    return \%localHasHierarchy;
}

# print Dumper whileLoop(@ARGV);
# print Dumper foreachLoop(@ARGV);

my $results = timethese(-10,
			{ 'While' => sub { whileLoop(@ARGV) },
			  'Foreach' => sub { foreachLoop(@ARGV) } },
			'none');
cmpthese( $results );

__END__

$ perl test.pl POPE PATRIARCH ARCHBISHOP CARDINAL
            Rate   While Foreach
While   739404/s      --    -17%
Foreach 893518/s     21%      --