# 3. What is the value of "$portresults->{portfolio}->{riskgrade}"? 
print "port ", $portresults->{portfolio}->{riskgrade}, "\n";

# 3. What is the value of "sprintf("%.2f", -$portresults->{Bayer}->{xloss} )"? 
printf "sprintf: %.2f\n", -$portresults->{Bayer}->{xloss};

# 4. What is the first element of "sort {lc($b) cmp lc($a)} keys %{$portresults}" ?     
@ary = sort {lc($b) cmp lc($a)} keys %{$portresults};
print "sort: $ary[0]\n";