#  code not tested
my $max_distance = 4;
my $some_label = 'blortbertblart';
my %targets_hash = (...);

my $distance_finder = Text::Fuzzy->new( $some_label, trans => 1);
$distance_finder->set_max_distance ($max_distance);

my %poss_matches;  

foreach my $target (keys %targets_hash) {
    my $distance = $distance_finder->distance( $target_label );
    next if !defined $distance;
    $poss_matches{$distance} //= [];
    push @{$poss_matches{$distance}}, $target;
}

#  do stuff with @poss_matches